Chlorine (Cl₂) is a diatomic, greenish-yellow gas at standard temperature and pressure, with a pungent, suffocating odor. It belongs to the halogen group (Group 17) of the periodic table, with atomic number 17 and molecular weight 70.90 g/mol. Chlorine is a highly reactive, strong oxidizing agent that is moderately soluble in water, forming hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). It is one of the most widely produced industrial chemicals in the world, serving as a fundamental building block in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), solvents, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and disinfectants. Commercially, chlorine is liquefied under pressure for storage and transport, and is produced almost exclusively by the electrolysis of sodium chloride (brine) solutions. It is classified as a toxic gas and a chemical warfare agent at high concentrations, requiring strict handling and safety protocols.
How About the Price?
Key Influence Events
Price Trajectory 2020–2026 (Brief Recap)
Phase 1 — Gradual Decline (2020-01 to 2022-06): Chlorine prices declined steadily from $150.0 in January 2020 to $5.0 in June 2022; no reported specific events or influences in the log indicating drivers during this period.
Phase 2 — Price Turns Negative (2022-07 to 2023-12): Prices dropped into negative territory starting at $0.0 in July 2022 and reaching -$85.0 in December 2023, with no events noted in the influence log to explain this sharp downtrend.
Phase 3 — Continued Negative Trend (2024-01 to 2026-06-08): Prices continued falling further negative, reaching -$235.0 by June 8, 2026, with no corresponding influence factors listed for this time in the event log.
Supply-side factors
- No specific reported supply-side factors in the influence log from 2020 through 2026.
Demand-side factors
- No specific reported demand-side factors in the influence log from 2020 through 2026.
Top Countries Production Capacity
| Property / Grade | Typical Value / Range | Unit | Grade / Standard |
|---|---|---|---|
| Purity (Cl₂ content) | ≥ 99.5 | % v/v | Liquefied Chlorine, Industrial Grade |
| Purity (Cl₂ content) | ≥ 99.9 | % v/v | High-Purity / Electronic Grade |
| Water content | ≤ 150 | ppm w/w | Industrial Grade (dry) |
| Water content | ≤ 10 | ppm w/w | High-Purity Grade |
| Non-condensable gases (N₂, O₂, CO₂) | ≤ 0.5 | % v/v | Industrial Grade |
| Non-condensable gases | ≤ 0.1 | % v/v | High-Purity Grade |
| HCl content | ≤ 0.01 | % w/w | Industrial Grade |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 5 | ppm w/w | Industrial Grade |
| Evaporation residue | ≤ 50 | ppm w/w | Industrial Grade |
| Boiling point (at 1 atm) | -34.05 | °C | Physical constant |
| Melting point | -101.0 | °C | Physical constant |
| Vapor pressure (at 20°C) | 5.7 | bar abs | Physical constant |
| Density (liquid, at 0°C) | 1.468 | g/cm³ | Physical constant |
| Density (gas, at 0°C, 1 atm) | 3.214 | kg/m³ | Physical constant |
| Cylinder / Tank grade (bulk liquid) | ≥ 99.5 | % v/v | ISO 11616 / Eurochlor standard |
Who are the Top Players?
| Company | Headquarters | Key Facilities |
|---|---|---|
| Dow Chemical | Midland, Michigan, USA | |
| Olin Corporation | Chesterfield, Missouri, USA | McIntosh AL, Russellville AR, Santa Fe Springs CA, Augusta GA, Lemont IL, Plaquemine LA, St. Gabriel LA, Henderson NV, Niagara Falls NY, Charleston TN, Freeport TX, Bécancour QC, Stade Germany |
| Westlake Chemical Corporation | Houston, Texas, USA | Calvert City KY, Geismar LA |
| Occidental Petroleum Corporation | Los Angeles, California, USA | Taft LA, Convent LA, Battleground TX, Corpus Christi TX, Wichita KS |
| Formosa Plastics Corporation | Taipei, Taiwan | Point Comfort TX |
| INOVYN | Windsor, UK | Antwerp Belgium, Rosignano Italy, Tavazzano Italy |
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